O papel dos (as) enfermeiros (as) obstetras na segurança e bem-estar durante o parto domiciliar planejado

Abstract

This study investigates the role of the obstetric nurse in ensuring the safety and well-being of the parturient during planned home birth (PHB). The research, an integrative literature review, addresses the historical transition of childbirth, the growing movement towards PHB in Brazil driven by dissatisfaction with the medicalized hospital model, and the essential role of obstetric nurses and midwives in this context. The results highlight that the choice for PHB is multifaceted, motivated by previous negative experiences, the search for protagonism, safety, and comfort in the family environment. Professional performance involves light, light-hard, and hard technologies, promoting empowerment and confidence. Despite the benefits, PHB faces challenges such as access elitization, absence of regulation in the SUS (Brazil's public healthcare system), social prejudice, and a lack of national scientific production. Future perspectives point to the inclusion of PHB in the SUS, valorization of obstetric nursing, and the need for public policies that democratize access. It is concluded that the obstetric nurse is indispensable for a safe and humanized PHB, and overcoming the challenges requires government support and cultural change.