Perfil nutricional de crianças com alergia a proteína do leite de vaca - APLV, atendidas em ambulatório de referência do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Allergy to cow's milk protein (APLV) is the most common type of food allergy among children from zero months to twenty-four months and is characterized by the immune system's resistance to milk proteins. IgE-mediated reactions are the most frequent (60%) and involve more reactions to the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, and in more severe cases, systemic anaphylaxis, which are less frequent. Infant formulas for specific dietary treatments are indicated for children up to twenty-four months of age, who present a clinical history and positive results in the APLV positive oral challenge test (TPO), which are soy based, protein based Extensively hydrolyzed, and amino acid based. The indication of the use of infant formulas for APLV should occur for replacement of feeding in children under six months or complementation for over six months. Considering that the demand for ALPV formulas has become an increasingly closer reality, and due to the few works done in children, a survey of children's information was carried out in the Program for Assessment of the Indication and Use of Formulas Special Infants for Allergy to Cow's Milk Protein (PAIUFA). Aiming to understand the clinical characteristics of those attending the public outpatient clinics in Natal / RN, the study was developed in two specific outpatient clinics for patients with public pediatric APLV, from August to November 2016, and it consisted of 59 children's records , Who are enrolled in the (PAIUFA), in the age range of zero to three years, living in Natal and in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. In the anthropometric monitoring, the parameters, weight and height at birth were evaluated, WHO - 2006 reference standards were used to evaluate the nutritional status. The age range of onset of symptoms was 1 month to 26 months, although affected by signs and symptoms involving different systems, isolated manifestations of the digestive system 91.5%, skin 67.8% and respiratory tract 32.3 %. According to the evaluation of the nutritional status by the Z score of the IMC showed thinness and eutrophy, for the parameter Height / Age we observed that most of the children in question presented very short stature for age, with respect to Weight / Age showed that the great Most of the children in the 0-6 month group are very low in weight and in relation to the Weight / Height indicator, all the children in the study have a marked thinness. It is observed that in this study and in others used as a research base, diarrhea is present as one of the main symptoms of the dis- tortory system, a remarkable aspect that is made, is in relation to constipation, considering that these symptoms differ among themselves . Making this leave us with some gaps to be filled, being the object of study to be carried out in the future. Dietary adequacy should be carefully evaluated, considering the nutritional needs for the age group and the acceptance by the patient and his / her relatives.