Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade de crianças no brasil: uma análise no período de 2022 a 2024

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of mortality among children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazilian regions, in the period between 2022 and 2024. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, conducted using secondary data obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS). Deaths of children aged 0 to 9 years in Brazil between 2022 and 2024 were analyzed. The variables investigated included sex, race/color, age group, causes of death according to ICD-10, and distribution by Brazilian regions. Infant mortality rates were also calculated for different age groups and regions of the country. The data were organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A predominance of deaths was observed in males and in the mixed-race population. The highest mortality rates occurred in children under one year of age, mainly due to conditions originating in the perinatal period and congenital malformations. In the age groups of 1 to 4 years and 5 to 9 years, external causes of morbidity and mortality stood out. The North, Central-West, and Northeast regions presented the highest infant mortality rates, while the South and Southeast regions registered the lowest rates. Conclusion: Infant mortality in Brazil remains associated with regional, social, and structural inequalities, highlighting the need to strengthen Primary Health Care, child health surveillance, and public policies aimed at reducing preventable deaths and improving the quality of care for children.