Avaliação das consequências comportamentais causadas pela prática de dietas restritivas

Abstract

Calorie restriction is a common practice adopted by people who seek a way to lose weight quickly, however, when performed without specialized professional monitoring, with extreme caloric deficits and a prolonged period of time, it can lead to behavioral disorders. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the possible behavioral consequences caused by the practice of calorie-restricted diets. The research was carried out through a systematic review, carried out between August 2020 and June 2021. Using the Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Google Scholar and Portal Periódicos databases for selection of articles. The inclusion criteria were scientific articles published in English and Portuguese, and as exclusion criteria, repeated articles with a focus different from the objective of the present study were discarded. Among the articles found in the literature, they were separated into main behavioral symptoms and main eating disorders presented as a result of food restriction. Energy restriction proved to be a relevant factor for the development of eating and psychological disorders. It was observed that binge eating was the main negative consequence presented by the practice of caloric restriction, followed by mood swings, depression, emotional disturbances and increased tension.