A influência do fortalecimento muscular no tratamento da escoliose idiopática : uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a spinal anomaly characterized by a lateral curvature in the frontal plane, which may involve vertebral rotation in the axial and sagittal planes. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical, depending on the classification and progression of the condition. This study reviewed the literature to examine the impact of muscle strengthening in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, using physical therapy as a non-surgical method. A bibliographic search was conducted in the SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar, Virtual Library, and CAPES Journal Portal databases, looking for articles published between 2000 and 2024. Forty-seven studies were found, of which 10 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The studies indicate the effectiveness of physical therapy in the conservative treatment of scoliosis, using techniques such as Pilates, Global Postural Reeducation (GPR), kinesiotherapy, tridimensional reeducation, and combined therapies. The GPR approach demonstrated a reduction in abnormal spinal curvatures and increased flexibility, whether used alone or in conjunction with other therapies. Pilates relieved symptoms and improved spinal function, although it did not alter the curvature. Kinesiotherapy and tridimensional reeducation showed improvements in shoulder symmetry and the Tales triangle, with a reduction in Cobb angle, decreased pain, and improvement in muscle retraction. A significant methodological variation was observed among the studies, making it difficult to obtain definitive conclusions and preventing a more linear view of the researched results.