Efeitos da prática de atividades físicas na qualidade de vida de idosos: revisão da literatura

Abstract

The practice of physical activities is fundamental for the quality of life of the elderly, a theme addressed in this study that reviews the existing literature on the subject. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines older people as individuals aged 60 years or older in developing countries and 65 years or older in developed countries. Aging brings several physiological changes, such as decreased balance, flexibility, and muscle strength, which can compromise the autonomy and quality of life of the elderly. Quality of life is understood as personal satisfaction in different aspects of life, including health and well-being. The research sought to answer a central question: what are the effects of physical activity on the quality of life of the elderly? An integrative literature review was carried out, searching databases such as LILACS and SCIELO, using descriptors such as "elderly", "physical activity" and "quality of life". The bibliographic survey was carried out in September 2023 and September 2024 and the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the selection of five relevant articles for the analysis. Finally, the study concludes that encouraging the practice of physical exercise is essential to promote a better quality of life in old age. Public policies should consider physical activity as a vital component for the health of the elderly, aiming to maximize the benefits already proven by research. The inclusion of physical activities in the routine of the elderly should be a central focus to ensure active and healthy aging. The discussions in the article emphasize that, in addition to the physical benefits, physical activity positively impacts the mental and social health of the elderly. Regular exercise is crucial to preserve functionality and independence, thus contributing to healthy aging. Continuous adherence to an active lifestyle is essential and should be accompanied by physical education professionals, who can guide and monitor the practice of appropriate activities.