Plano de cuidado ao paciente pós operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca: revisa o integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have reached significant morbidity and mortality rates in recent years. Among the various therapeutic alternatives available for heart diseases, cardiac surgery stands out as a common intervention. Objective: To identify, in scientific literature, nursing interventions that contribute to the development of a care plan for the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods: This is an integrative literature review with a quantitative approach, characterized as a research method aimed at analyzing existing publications on a specific phenomenon, deepening knowledge, identifying gaps, and encouraging further scientific production. Results: The selected studies were published between 2017 and 2024, with the highest concentration in 2021 and 2024, each accounting for 30% (n=3) of the selected works. The year 2022 contributed with 20% (n=2), while 2017 and 2019 each represented 10% (n=1). Conclusion: This study enabled the identification of key elements in the scientific literature for constructing a nursing care plan in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. The highlighted interventions were primarily aimed at restoring physiological balance, ensuring adequate ventilation and oxygenation, maintaining hemodynamic stability, managing pain, and supporting the recovery of vital functions. These aspects are essential for reducing complications and promoting safe, effective recovery in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.