Explorando a complexidade diagnóstica do autismo: semelhanças e distinções com outras condições clínicas

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of highly heterogeneous nature, with great variability in its clinical manifestations. This diversity makes diagnosis difficult, mainly due to the overlap of symptoms with other conditions, which increases the challenges in achieving an accurate and thorough diagnosis. This study investigated the clinical manifestations associated with ASD that represent barriers to differential diagnosis, through an integrative review based on 22 articles and 3 books. The results were organized into two categories: "The Differential Diagnosis Process in ASD," which addresses the challenges of diagnosis and strategies to minimize errors, and "Similarities and Distinctions with Other Clinical Conditions," which examines the commonalities and differences between ASD and other conditions that hinder diagnosis. It was concluded that the diagnosis of ASD is complex and requires an integrative approach, considering the variability of manifestations and its high comorbidity. To ensure diagnostic accuracy, it is essential to use diverse tools and conduct a holistic analysis that takes into account behavioral, cognitive, and social aspects, as well as the family context. The continuous evolution of methodologies and filling gaps in the literature, especially regarding interrelationships with genetic syndromes and other conditions, are fundamental. Furthermore, progress in diagnosis depends on the training of qualified professionals and the use of innovative technologies, ensuring personalized interventions, promoting healthy and inclusive development, and improving the quality of life for children and their families.