A relação entre a ausência de vigilância e o aumento da criminalidade: uma análise sob a perspectiva da teoria das janelas quebradas

Abstract

This study provides a critical analysis of the relationship between the absence of surveillance and the increase in crime, from the perspective of the Broken Windows Theory. The research explores the theory proposed by Wilson and Kelling (1982), which suggests that neglecting minor infractions, such as vandalism and damage, can trigger a cycle of disorder, creating an environment conducive to the emergence of more serious crimes. The theory argues that failing to punish minor offenses generates a perception of impunity, which leads to an escalation of violence. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how the lack of oversight over small transgressions contributes to the increase in criminality, both in urban contexts and within the Brazilian scenario. The analysis discusses the effectiveness of applying the theory in various social and urban contexts, highlighting the impact of surveillance and social control policies. The research also reflects on the challenges of implementing such strategies in Brazil, considering the reality of social inequalities and the need for integrated public policies that aim not only at repression but also at prevention and social inclusion. The methodology combines a literature review and case study analysis, focusing on the application of the theory in Brazilian cities. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of the Broken Windows Theory in reducing crime, weighing its social and legal implications, and offering a reflection on the limits and potential of this approach for strengthening public security.