Associação entre a baixa ingestão de cálcio e o risco de pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Brazil, representing a serious public health problem whose pathogenesis involves multiple modifiable risk factors, including low calcium intake. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence regarding the relationship between low calcium intake or hypocalcemia during pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia. Methodology: The integrative literature review was conducted using the Medline/PubMed, PubMed Central, SciELO, Google Scholar, and LILACS databases, considering studies published between 2016 and 2026 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results: Among the five studies that comprised the final corpus of the research, the prevalence of inadequate calcium intake among pregnant women was evident. However, three of the studies analyzed did not identify a significant association between inadequate mineral intake and the pathology, while two associated low dietary consumption with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, especially in vulnerable populations. Conclusion: Calcium deficiency is a frequent condition during pregnancy. However, current scientific evidence demonstrates that it does not act in isolation as a constant risk factor for preeclampsia among the populations analyzed.