Efeitos do treinamento muscular respiratório em pacientes cardiopatas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome, in which the heart is unable to pump blood in order to meet tissue metabolic needs, or can do so only with high filling pressures. Among the various clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, HF has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and is associated with a series of complications, including functional limitations and respiratory symptoms. In this context, inspiratory muscle training has been increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve respiratory function and exercise capacity in patients with heart disease. Objective: To carry out a literature review to verify the effects of inspiratory muscle training in outpatients with heart disease. Methods: The search was performed in PubMED (via National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Online Medical Literature Search and Analysis System) and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) databases. For the search, the crossing of the descriptors “Respiratory exercises”, “Heart diseases” and “Physiotherapy” were used, using the Boolerian descriptor “AND” between them. The inclusion criteria used in this study were: experimental studies, randomized clinical trials, case series. Results: 10 articles were found in the search. In the end, only 8 studies showed the use of IMT in individuals with HF according to the eligibility criteria. Of these eight selected studies, eight showed an increase in respiratory muscle strength, four showed an increase in exercise tolerance, and one showed an improvement in biochemical markers. Conclusion: Studies on muscle training in patients with heart disease revealed a series of valuable information and promising perspectives. It was observed that IMT alone or associated with other approaches can improve lung function, increase exercise capacity, reduce dyspnea and improve quality of life in patients with heart disease.