Avaliação dos parâmetros dietéticos e bioquímicos em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica pela técnica “y de roux”: análise de dados pré e pós-cirúrgico

Abstract

Obesity affects an increasing portion of the Brazilian population, which can lead to several comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and some types of cancer. Among the possible effective interventions for patients with a BMI above 40 kg/m², there is bariatric surgery, specifically the “Rouxen-Y” Gastric Bypass (RYGB). This technique promotes a reduction of the BMI of patients, but has some relevant consequences, such as nutritional deficiencies of macro and micronutrients. The study aims to compare dietary and biochemical data of patients pre and post RYGB. This work was based on descriptive and qualitative research on a database of adult patients, who underwent RYGB, between January/2012 and November/2014. The individuals who participated in this study displayed considerable decreases in weight and BMI, food records showed changes in food consumption, choosing to eat more proteins to the detriment of carbohydrates and lipids, but biochemical tests showed a reduction in plasma levels of all investigated micronutrients and deficiencies in micronutrients such as vitamins B12 and D, folate and calcium. These findings are consistent with the literature and with the difficulties caused by the disabsorptive/restrictive characteristic of RYGB, confirming that the technique is quite effective in reducing weight and BMI, despite its association with deficiencies of micronutrients.