Escola e arquitetura: anteprojeto arquitetônico de uma escola de ensino infantil em Parnamirim/RN

Abstract

The present work aims to develop an architectural design at the preliminary stage for a small-scale school dedicated to early childhood education, aligned with the Montessori pedagogical methodology. Located in the Emaús neighborhood, in Parnamirim/RN, the project seeks to transform the site into a welcoming and effective construction for children's learning, promoting comfort, accessibility, and the holistic development of children while complementing the region's educational offerings. It also aims to understand the requirements for an early childhood education school, from its structural characteristics to the connection with developmental areas and the pedagogical approach. The methodology combines qualitative and exploratory research with bibliographic review, document analysis, and case studies. Additionally, analyses of the site and its surrounding region were conducted, considering factors such as sunlight exposure, ventilation, topography, existing constructions and their uses, as well as the application of current legislation to the site. The architectural concept was defined based on the connection between pedagogy and architecture, providing maximum visual permeability in educational spaces. The concept is rooted in the idea of freedom, reflected both in the atmosphere the building conveys and in the Montessori pedagogical approach. The results indicate that applying Montessori principles to the design of the school environment enhances children's protagonism and self-education while fostering their cognitive, motor, and social development. The proposed design features flexible and adaptable spaces that respect the specific needs of childhood, such as appropriately sized furniture and ample areas for interaction and exploration. Finally, the presented preliminary design highlights the importance of planning school environments that effectively integrate pedagogy and architecture. The creation of comfortable and welcoming spaces directly contributes to children's learning process and well-being.