Análise da necessidade da reforma no conselho de segurança da ONU com ênfase no poder de veto

Abstract

The present article analyzes the need for reform in the United Nations Security Council, established in 1945 to mediate and resolve international conflicts. Due to the historical context of its creation, its composition included China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, and France as permanent member states, which possess certain prerogatives, such as the power of veto. Thus, the object of study is the analysis of the paralysis of the UN Security Council caused by the use of the veto power. The research methodology involved documentary analysis, geopolitics, and case studies, such as the ceasefire proposals for the Gaza Strip in 2023 and 2024, as well as resolutions vetoed in the context of the Syrian war. Additionally, bibliographic research was conducted, employing a qualitative and explanatory methodological approach. The results indicate that reform of the UN Security Council is urgently needed, considering the current geopolitical landscape and the necessity of regulating the veto power. Therefore, the analysis concludes that reform is essential for resolving international conflicts, as the Council's composition no longer aligns with contemporary realities. However, significant challenges remain for such reform to materialize, including the possibility of countries using the veto power to advance their own political interests.