Substituição de trabalhadores por ia: impactos jurídicos e sociais – o direito do trabalho será capaz de proteger os empregos em meio à automação crescente?

Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation is causing profound changes in the labor market, impacting not only repetitive sectors but also high-skill areas such as medicine, law, and education. Automation is replacing human roles across various industries, which presents significant challenges related to unemployment and the need for worker retraining. In this context, labor law, such as the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), was formulated in a very different context and is no longer suited to regulate new forms of work, such as remote work, intermittent work, and digital platforms. Automation has caused not only economic impacts but also social issues, primarily in terms of social inequality and the devaluation of human labor. Sectors such as industry, transportation, and retail are the most affected, with the replacement of functions by machines, but the impact also extends to more qualified areas. Structural unemployment is increasing, creating a growing disparity between skilled workers and those with limited skills, affecting social inclusion. Given this scenario, the work aims to investigate the adequacy of CLT in light of automation and AI, identifying existing legal gaps and proposing reforms to ensure workers' rights are protected. The study also suggests public policies for continuous retraining and the creation of a social protection system more adapted to the reality of digital work, aiming to mitigate the social impacts of automation.