A eficácia dos exercícios terapêuticos em pacientes com fibromialgia: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Background and objectives: Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome with multifactorial etiopathogenesis with very debilitating symptoms, including chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disorders. The most recommended evidence-based non-pharmacological treatment has been aerobic exercise. Seeking evidence in the scientific literature of other effective therapeutic exercises in FM broadens the options available for better symptom management. This study aims to identify and analyze the current body of literature on the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in the non-pharmacological treatment of people with fibromyalgia. Method: Bibliographical research in an integrative way with data search in Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Web of Science e National Library of Medicine (PubMed/Medline). To select the articles, the following health descriptors were considered (decs.bvs.br) combined with Boolean operators: Fibromyalgia OR Fatigue Syndrome Chronic AND Chronic pain OR fibromyalgia AND physiotherapy, and publications from 2014 to 2024. Results: A search yielded 100 potential articles; 14 were selected for analysis. The studies revealed that therapeutic Pilates exercises, strengthening exercises, aquatic aerobic exercises, Qigong, and exercises combined with sensorimotor therapy are efficacious in treating individuals with fibromyalgia. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that therapeutic exercise interventions are effective in reducing fibromyalgia symptoms.