Uma análise jurídica acerca da eficácia da lei nº 12.034/2009 de cotas de gênero com base nos resultados das eleições municipais da cidade de Santana do Matos

Abstract

This paper conducts a legal analysis of the effectiveness of the Gender Quota Law, Law No. 12,034/2009, based on the results of municipal elections, exploring the impacts of this legislation on promoting gender equality in the Brazilian political landscape. The research begins with a historical context of women's exclusion from politics and the achievements gained through feminist movements and progressive legislation, such as the right to vote and the ability to hold public office. Despite these advances, the underrepresentation of women in positions of power persists, which motivated the creation of measures like the Quota Law, requiring that 30% of each party’s candidates be women. The study seeks to determine whether this legislation has fulfilled its role in fostering greater female participation in electoral processes and whether its effects have been significant in balancing gender representation in the political field.To achieve this, in addition to a general analysis of the national landscape, the research focuses on the municipality of Santana do Matos, Rio Grande do Norte, where a comparative analysis of electoral results before and after the law's enactment is carried out. The aim is to assess whether, in practice, the law has led to an increase in the number of female candidates and those elected, as well as the relevance of women in local politics.The methodology employed is both qualitative and quantitative, through the analysis of statistical data on female participation in municipal elections, interviews, and a literature review on the subject. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate not only the formal compliance with the law but also its effectiveness in bringing about substantial changes in the inclusion of women in political power spaces, offering a critical perspective on the challenges that still need to be overcome to achieve true gender equality in politics.