Conflito de gaza sob julgamento: impedimentos para à autodeterminação do povo palestino

Abstract

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is explored with a focus on the challenges to the Palestinian people's right to self-determination, examining both historical and contemporary aspects. Beginning with the 1917 Balfour Declaration and UN Resolution 181, which facilitated the creation of the State of Israel, it is noted that Palestine has never achieved sovereign state status, enduring occupations, forced displacements, and economic and political restrictions. Following the Hamas attacks on October 7, 2023, and the Israeli retaliations, the conflict escalated, resulting in thousands of deaths and violations of human rights. Israel's actions, such as blockades of the Gaza Strip and the expansion of settlements in the West Bank, violate norms of International Humanitarian Law. The political fragmentation between Hamas and the Palestinian Authority further complicates the creation of a unified Palestinian state. The study also examines the limited international response and the ineffectiveness of International Law in curbing ongoing violations. The need for a global commitment to mediate the conflict, ensure the implementation of UN resolutions, and promote respect for Palestinian self-determination is emphasized. The article concludes by stressing that the resolution of the conflict depends on collective efforts to ensure peaceful coexistence based on justice, equality, and adherence to international norms. This study employs a deductive method, starting with existing theories to reach conclusions, through bibliographic research, gathering data from articles, books, and websites.